Project Management Case Study - 6490 Words

MGT202 – Project Management Case Study Charlotte Reed Table of Contents Introduction 3 Case Study One: 3 Risks associated with this project 3 Top 10 steps to deliver this project 5 1. Define the scope 5 2. Determine available resources 5 3. Determine the cost of project 6 4. Assemble your project team 6 5. List the steps 7 6. Develop a plan 7 7. Request project adjustments 8†¦show more content†¦Even though the price would be lowered because of the bad weather as per the tying in price and weather policy, not everyone would still want to go away. Either it needs to be explained clearly on the website that undesirable weather will not entitle any customer to a refund or to change or cancel their booking without penalty; or the policy must be clear in whatever the company decides is fair. For example, it may state that if the weather is unpleasant can change (but not cancel) the booking to another time. Seasonality, particularly when dealing with surf trips, may cause problems with supply and demand. If the weather shows that certain areas will not be ideal spots at certain times, the demand under those circumstances will be low. Based on the principles of supply and demand and the pricing policy, this means the cost must also lower to entice more customers. Furthermore although the reverse would suggest that then during times when the weather, time and location are going to produce results conducive to certain sports that the demand will be high and therefore the cost can be raised also. However, due to the weather being somewhat unpredictable, even the times that should be peak seasons will have days where people doShow MoreRelatedCase Study Management : Project Management1223 Words   |  5 PagesDauren Bolatov Hisham Faour PM Fundamentals Case Study #1 What is one of the biggest challenges for IT industry companies is implementing project management practice within a constantly changing environment and not flexible inner culture of the company. This paper is based on the case by Harvard Business School that is describing challenges and failure of AtekPC during the implementation of Project Management Office. AtekPC is a PC maker founded 1984 with the headquarters in Metropolis. In 2006Read MoreCase Study Management : Project Management4006 Words   |  17 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT Task 1a 1. The role of Project Manager: As defined by the PMBOK, Project Management is â€Å"the application of knowledge, skill, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet stakeholder’s needs and expectations from a project.†(Rory Burke 2006) o Project manager has so many responsibility and authority on project that may be assigned to him to execute. These are based on: ï‚ § Planning and defining project scope which has played a significant role in Project chapterRead MoreProject Management Case Study9557 Words   |  39 PagesAppendix C Additional Running Cases INTRODUCTION These cases are provided here on the companion Web site as additions to the four running cases in Appendix C of the text. Each running case includes five partsï‚ ¾initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closingï‚ ¾with scenario-based information and several tasks to complete under each part. Several of the tasks involve using templates provided in Appendix D and on this companion Web site. Table D-1 on page 595 of the text summarizes the templatesRead MoreProject Management Case Study3301 Words   |  14 PagesChanging the Face at the Busiest Airport in  the World through Project Management Refurbishing Heathrow Airport Terminal  1, On Time, On Budget, With  No  Disruptions to Travelling Public Background: Dated and In Need of a Revamp, But It has to be Business as Usual... BAA Airports Ltd. was tasked with the refurbishment of Terminal 1, a 40-year-old building within Heathrow Airport, the busiest international airport in the world, whilst constantly keeping the terminal open to the 20 million annual travellersRead MoreCase Study : Operations And Project Management2796 Words   |  12 Pages Vivica L. Stokes Prof. Brian Dahl Course Title: Operations and Project Management Course Number: BUSN 6110 QDS22015 Date: May 30, 2015-05-30 Institution: Webster University â€Å"Quality Management – Toyota† Abstract Toyota Motor Corporation being the leading motor manufacturer in the world is now facing issues regarding quality management and there have been many cases in October 2009 when the initial recalls of Toyota vehicles in the United States of America was done. Toyota being its originRead MoreBat: Project Management and Case Study5228 Words   |  21 PagesCase Study II-2 The Challenges of Local System Design for Multinationals: The MaxFli Sales Force Automation System at BAT Overview (Class Discussion Case) Large multinational corporations are designed to leverage economic efficiencies in economy of scale and economy of scope across geographic regions. These efficiencies are challenged when local market tastes, business processes, or regulations render a one-size-fits-all solution suboptimal. In contrast, locally-tailored solutions may failRead MoreCase Study: Change Management Project11536 Words   |  47 PagesCase Study: Change Management Project Prepared by Brian Davies for Massey University College of Business to fulfil the requirements of Assessment Three: Change Management Project – Case Study as part of NZ2 MBA Change Management paper. Dated November 2010 Strategy for Change CompuFix Inc. Report to Jerry Smiles covering strategic analysis, change direction and implementation plan for CompuFix Inc. PreparedRead MoreCase Study Management : Master Of Project Management Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesName : Project management Program : MASTER OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Semester : ONE/ MAY SEMESTER 2015 Assignment : ORGANIZATIONAL AND BUSINESS MANAGEMEN Facilitator : ISMAIL ALOW Date due : 02/07/2015 Submission Date : 29/08/2015 Table of Contents 2 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Literature Review 5 2.1 Schedule 5 2.2 Cost 6 3.3 Scope 6 3.0 Discussion of Triple Constraints 7 4.0 Discussion on execution of the three elements by Project ManagerRead MoreCase Study : Management Final Project3357 Words   |  14 PagesManagement Final Project For my research project, I am selecting a company that I am very familiar with. I work for Ericsson, more specifically I work for the Managed services branch of Ericsson. The company as a whole has a very complicated hybrid organizational structure that on the surface can look very bureaucratic in nature. The truth is that it can sometimes be that way, but for the most part the structure serves the company well. The first layer, as in almost any multi-national company isRead Moreproject management case studies 4th edi1056 Words   |  5 Pagesresearchandmarkets.com/reports/2212819/ Project Management. Case Studies. 4th Edition Description: A new edition of the most popular book of project management case studies, expanded to include more than 100 cases plus a super case on the Iridium Project Case studies are an important part of project management education and training. This Fourth Edition of Harold Kerzners Project Management Case Studies features a number of new cases covering value measurement in project management. Also included is the well-received

Discuss sex differences in parental investment Free Essays

Trivers suggests that parental investment differs because of the sex differences that exist between males and females. From the outset of parenthood, females make a greater biological investment then males. Notably, female’s reproductive system is more precious as they produce very few eggs whilst males produce a large number of We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss sex differences in parental investment or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/exercise-43/" sperm. This suggests that the biological aspect of conceiving a child is much more costly for females hence their greater parental investment. As a result of this, females have to be much chooser in their selection of a male as they do not want to waste their eggs. It is not just a larger prenatal investment that females make but it is also much larger postnatal investment. Due to the immaturity of human babies at birth compared to other mammals, there is an extended period of childcare featuring breastfeeding. Males are unable to breastfeed as thus the female’s role is much more dominant and explains why they have high levels of investment at this stage and why she may seek a man with good genes and commitment to the relationship. This supports Buss’s cross cultural findings that women value material resources in potential partners, whereas males, who make less parental investment, have multiple mating’s with young females. This greater investment of females can be further explained by parental certainty. Female’s paternity can be certain as the pregnancy is happening internally. However, males cannot be as certain that the child is theirs. For this reason, it is suggested that males protect themselves from the rick of cuckoldry by being reluctant to invest heavily in offspring. Sexual infidelity is not just a risk for males investing in offspring that is not genetically theirs but it is also a risk for females. This is because if a male carries out sexual infidelity, they bear a child with another woman and the male will invest in that offspring, diverting his resources away from the original relationship. This explains why males are more jealous of the sexual act and females are more jealous in the shift of emotional focus. Buss et al support the differences in jealously between males and females, as he found that males showed more distress for the sexual element whereas females showed more distress for the emotional element. As a result of sex differences in parental investment, some women may choose to use cuckoldry as a method of obtaining more resources from multiple men and thus decrease own personal investment. However, this method carries great risk for the female as this could lead to abandonment or retention strategies such as violence. Parental investment theory suggests that men don’t want to father children that aren’t theirs as they will use up all their resources. Anderson found that this wasn’t the case. They found that fathers and stepfathers did not discriminate between children who were biological and those who were their partner’s children. Parental investment models have been critiqued for lacking relevance to real life and modern society because now females and males both work hard to attend to children and do house chores. It is a shared responsibility and investment. This means this idea is outdated. The theory also supports gender stereotyping as males are seen to be evolutionally programmed to be promiscuous. Not all males act in this manner, especially in extreme religious groups where sec is not practised before marriage. Trivers theory also tells us little about homosexual relationships which are not reproductive. It assumed we are all a product of our genes in pursuit of fostering these, which is a determinist viewpoint. The theory is also very nature and evolutionary based. Trivers theory assumes sexual attraction is all about babies and ignores it can be for fun rather than reproduction, highlighted by the wide use of contraception. Not all mating is long term and women do also engage in short term relationships such as one night stands and affairs. Therefore, his theory is oversimplified, animalistic, and deterministic and suffers from evolutionary reductionism. In conclusion, a physiological approach can better explained to show the different parental investments. Geher et al found that males showed a greater AMS arousal when presented with scenarios that showed the real costs of parenting. This is a consistent with the theory of parental investment as males are found to be less prepared than females for dealing with parental issues. How to cite Discuss sex differences in parental investment, Papers

The Birds Compare and Contrast free essay sample

While they appear innocent and defenseless, birds can be dangerous and even deadly. Daphne du Maurier wrote a suspenseful and horrifying short story called â€Å"The Birdsâ€Å" in 1952 . In 1963 Alfred Hitchcock directed a film based on Daphne Maurier’s short story. Sharing several similarities, the two versions also contain many differences in the settings, characters, and Climax. Though the settings are completely different but there are some similarities. The short story â€Å"The Birds† takes place in a small country town by London England. San Francisco and Bodega Bay California is where the movie version takes place. Both versions share a beautiful view of an ocean. The characters of each version are very different, but have similarities in personality. Nat, the main character in the book, is the first character to get attacked by the birds. We will write a custom essay sample on The Birds Compare and Contrast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Melanie, the main character in the movie was also the first person to be attacked by the birds. Nats wife in in the book was dependent on Nat. Lidia, Mitchs mother in the movie, was dependent on Mitch and others. Triggs was the first person in the book to die. Dan was the first person to die in the movie. Mitch, one of the main characters in the movie, was brave and protective. Suspenseful is a word that can describe the different climaxes. The climax in the book was when the airplanes that were sent to help the people crashed. The Climax in the movie is when the birds cause a gas station in Bodega Bay to burst in to flames and causes the citizens feel helpless. Both version of â€Å"The Birds† are unique and suspenseful in their own way. Though both are good in different ways I personally preferred the movie, because it was more entertaining. Sharing several similarities, the two versions also contain many differences in the settings, characters, and Climax.

Textual Integrity in Hamlet Essay Example

Textual Integrity in Hamlet Essay In order to decide if the textual integrity is essential to the play, one would examine whether the character motivations remain constant with the rest of the other characters present within the play. Their imagery, motives, word choice, and whether the speech seems to fit with Hamlets overall character. Due to the different contexts of the play (one being the Elizabethan era whilst the other being the present) it is easily arguable from a Elizabethan era viewpoint that the character of Hamlet has done the morally correct thing to society as he has waited to the right moment (when he is aware of Claudius true actions) to act upon his vengeance for his father. Hamlet has maintained his duty to family and God by not killing himself due to loathing but evening the scores in order to regain his fathers worth. On the other hand from a modern day approach the audience feels as though Hamlet should react straight away and kill Claudius. The idea of duty to God/religion has become mildly ethereal and is not as apparent as it was during the Elizabethan era. One interpretation of Hamlet is the play is about suicide. The play heart is an concentrated psychodrama that is about a prince gone mad from external pressures. He longs for the ultimate release of killing himself for several different motives depending on the situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Textual Integrity in Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Textual Integrity in Hamlet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Textual Integrity in Hamlet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Hamlet has the opportunity to kill himself he is seen as a coward, lacking the internal drive to go through with his deed: O, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt,/Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew,/Or that the Everlasting had not fixed/His canon gainst self-slaughter! Hamlets reason for suicide is due to the death of his father which is clear in his first soliloquy. Later on in the play he gives evidence that there are other reasons for his decided suicide. In his third soliloquy he states: For who would bear the pangs of despised love when he himself might his quietus make/with a bare bodkin? The word despised is put as unrequited and thus we are led to believe that Ophelia is the reason behind his suicidal thoughts, not the late King. The mourning of his father is a pseudo veil because he feels as though he cannot sink so low as to kill himself due to a woman. Textual integrity is the notion that the text can stand alone as a piece of work, regardless of the texts paradigms, its social and theoretical practice and its ability to be understood without reference. It exists and is understood and although other texts may add meaning to it, they themselves do not make the text. As to whether it means its ability to be received in a variety of contexts if you can say its great because its a whole thing that would work but it seems pretty vacuous. I think you can look at how another reading of Hamlet fails to maintain the textual integrity of the original i. e. if a feminist reading transforms it into something quite different say but otherwise I dont think its that helpful as a concept. There is no such thing as literature, or even Shakespeare. All these have been constructed by particular groups at particular times to serve particular interests. There is no such thing as a straightforward, objective or disinterested reading. Shakespeare is NOT timeless. Shakespeare does not transcend time, or place, or human understanding. He is to be understood in the context of the social, political and ideological and material practices and social relationships of the ideological production, and the reception of his work. For most of the new perspectives, therefore, the study of Shakespeare is a political enterprise. It was stressed by my teacher that when Shakespeare was studied, say in 1895, the assumption of traditional studies could be summarized in a short list and it was done the same by everyone. Not allowing for different perspectives or interpretations. E. g. , a feminist viewpoint, a Marxian viewpoint a Freudian psychoanalytical reading etc. ) A text is not produced by an author, but by readers, who themselves are produced by social and political forces. New perspectives frequently attempt to establish their authority by specialized vocabulary (remember this term! ) and extensive appeal to theory. As with all literature we are unable to separate ourselves from our personal interpretation and that of the writers. Works of literature usually lead to various interpretations differing from era to context to experience. Each interpretation of Hamlet brings different elements to the forefront. Without these interpretations of Hamlet one may not be able to feel as though they receive a full understanding of the play and a lack of connection may become a dislike of the play rather than a love for the tragic tale. Shakespeare possibly has his own interpretation of the play. The writer merely sets words to the page; it is our job to make them our own.

Steinand The Lost Generation essays

Steinand The Lost Generation essays If one wishes to use it properly, the term avant-garde should meet three criteria when used to describe works of art. First and foremost it must defy artistic trends of the time, distancing itself as far as possible from established trends of the time. It also must take considerable time to find a significant audience. Lastly, it will most likely inspire future groundbreaking endeavors, by artists in whatever medium. Gertrude Steins work as an author and poet satisfies all of these criteria. Her writings were unlike anything written in their time, and still to this day scholars debate their literary merit. The influence and inspiration that her writing lends to later authors gives Steins work its most weight. The first task of sifting through Steins work to find its purpose and value is indeed a difficult one. Her writing looks and sounds primitive, almost as if a child is trying to draw out of her mind some long-buried memory. But like in a childs pure words, it is in her own unsophisticated language that the reader finds the purpose and value of her works: the truth. Sherwood Anderson, a contemporary of Ms. Stein articulated the ultimate accomplishment of her work. I think that these books of Gertrude Stein do in a very real sense is recreate life in words. This aspect of her writing is the most obvious and prevalent common-thread in the work of all Ms. Steins contemporaries. The pupils of Ms. Stein lived in a frighteningly precarious time. The first World War had only recently ceased, the excesses of the Prohibition-era began appearing across the United States, and young men could not reconcile the values with which they had been raised, and the world outside their childhood homes that blatantly contradicted them. It was in such a climate that aspiring writers in search of truth began reading Ms. Steins works. Her words provided them with the truth; nothing morally concrete, bu...

A Day in the Life of a Wind Farm Operator

A Day in the Life of a Wind Farm Operator Most of the people have always seen photos taken from turbine tops though they are never aware of what the technicians do up there. In the article, a crew working at the Bull Hill Wind farm is studied by a photographer. This is a 34-MW wind farm that is located in Maine. The wind farm has 19 wind turbines and provides power to around 16000 homes each year. They have six Vestas employees and two First Wind employees working daily to keep the turbines spinning and generating energy. The inspections, periodic repairs, and maintenance of the turbines are done daily by the staff at the site and this is important to keep everything in order. The emergency equipment is inspected on a regular basis to make sure they function effectively. A normal turbine climb takes around 10 minutes and is carried out two-four times every week. They also have a Nacelle that houses the electrical generator, which is driven by the rotating blades of the turbine powered by the forces of wind and coupled to a gearbox. The repair troubleshooting and maintenance of the components are carried out on a programmed basis as well as impulsively in case a piece of any of the equipment fails. Susan Kraemer, A Closer Look at Fossil and Renewable Energy Subsidies, June 10, 2015 This article discusses the stabilization of oil production since its advent in the 1890s. In the article, the comparison is made between the sums of money used in oil drilling when it was merely a start-up and currently when it is a multi-dollar venture. Similarly, the effects of oil exploration on the climate have been highlighted in the article. The article also largely analyses the issue of tax credit and incentives offered to the oil drilling companies. For instance, the article clarifies that during the inception period, oil production was branded with a tax-free status that enabled the mitigation of huge costs involved in the oil exploration. This eventually has enabled federal investment in the coal, oil and gas exploration. This article will be important in describing the strides made in the growth of the global energy sector. Pamela Cargill, Will Solar Plunge Off the Tax Credit Cliff? The articles main discussion is about the Federal Investment Tax Credit, which was set to expire towards the end of 2016. This would be one of the greatest solar incentives with the costs falling from thirty to zero percent for homeowners. The article informs of the intense scrutiny directed towards the clean energy incentives especially in the United States as a result of the fiscal conservations in Washington and also in several other statehouses. Consequently, the article eludes uncertainty in the environment towards the community of investors and other industry professionals. Some approaches and strategies are suggested in the article, such as the extension of the Investment Tax Credit and proper planning of its expiration. Tom Randall, Seven Reasons Cheap Oil Cant Stop Renewables The article outlines reasons why low prices of cheap oil cannot stop the use of renewables. The transition of humanity to use of clean energy cannot be sidetracked by the availability of cheap oil. This is despite the fall of the prices of oil by half which would have endangered the renewable-energy industry a few years ago. In the article, he gives reasons why low prices of oil cannot stop renewables. One of the reasons is that the sun never competes with oil. Oil is used in cars while the renewables are for producing electricity. Oil is very expensive such that it cannot power the grid even if the prices are below $50 for each barrel. Solar instead competes with natural gas, coal, nuclear power and hydro. Though solar is the newest and makes less than 1%of the market for electricity today, it is expected that by 2050 it will be the largest single source in the world according to International Energy Agency. Its demand is very high such that the only limiting factor to its installation may be panels availability. Another reason may also be the fact that the prices of electricity are still increasing. Cheap electricity is a real threat to the renewables. For instance, in the US production of power is exceedingly cheap due to the presence of abundant natural gas. Ann Kenda, Professors Solar-Powered Passive House a Real-life Physics Lesson Jl In this article the Assistant Professor of Physics Alexi Arango tells the Renewable Energy class students of the small house in Maine which is very energy efficient such that it can heat itself up without the need for a furnace. He says that the home of physics entirely operates by the power of solar. He adds that most people have disbelief about it and the concept nearly seems a fairy-tale. But once one goes through it and relates with physics then it is no longer a wild idea. He carries out a research that concentrates on the solar energy systems that are highly efficient and brings home the lessons for the course in the sense of word. He builds and moves in a passive home of 1000 square-foot that relies on the solar power for its operations. He use real-life example to explain and illustrate the concepts of physics and environmental science in the classroom. Most of the students originally were skeptical but have change to being enthusiastic about this particular project. He admits that it is unusual to do what he did but notes that in Germany the passive houses are nearly mainstream. Tom Konrad, Ten Clean Energy Stocks In this article, during the first half of 2015, there was a slight improvement in the wide market but the concerns about increasing rates of interests and the continuing drama by the Greek debt sent clean energy, income stocks and most currencies that were not US currencies down decisively. The articles classical collection highly exposes one to clean energy, income stocks, and foreign stocks. Despite there being a very stormy market for both, the collection delivers admirably. Jennifer Runyon, Tesla CTO: Bulk Energy Storage Will Grow Much Faster than People Expect In 2015, at the Intersolar in the standing-room-only, all talks were about the future of solar and how the storage of energy aided in paving a way for higher adoption of it. The director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Dr. Eicke R Weber, opened the show drawing the great advancement solar had made in the previous two years through stabilizing its demand and supply. It was expected that in the following years the production capacity and catching up with the market would be seen which meant that we should not anticipate further fall in the prices of PV modules but expect stabilizing of the prices and or even some uncertain increases.

Comprehensive School Health Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comprehensive School Health Program - Essay Example The second controversial issue is that with the healthy foods on the menu, students have a choice between vegetables or fruits, but they do not have to eat them. Research shows that many students do not eat two out of the five lunch options offered in a day. According to the journal Public Health Nutrition over five hundred elementary school trays studied, students throw away a third of the grain, vegetables, and fruits (Minelli & Breckon 2009). One of the most common budgetary constraint faced by most comprehensive school health programs is insufficient funds needed for evaluation. Often these programs and projects budgets are inadequate regarding the financial support they get. As a result, evaluation funds are usually relocated to other activities. The consequence of this is that the assessment designs are over simplified. It is a way in which schools find it easy to reduce the cost and time requirements that are associated with the valuation process. Oversimplification of evaluations, designs, and procedures of the CSHPs can result in the reciprocated controversies that are related to it. A decent example of an institute that implemented creative measures to tackle budget constraints is Woodland Hills School. The school was faced with budget shrinks and pension costs increasing; the institution had to come up with creative methods to raise funds to cater for the costs. One of the imaginative means applied is through fund raisers that the institution arranged in conjunction with the parents.

Human Behavior Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Behavior Experiment - Essay Example The video builds insight, using the two cases, on the bystander effect phenomenon (The Human Behavior Experiments, 2014). The video explains that individuals will follow authority even when the person is aware that it will result in a negative experience. The Milgram’s experiment was responsible for such a study whereby electric shocks were thought to be administered whenever the learner failed to answer the questions correctly. In addition, the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) by Zimbardo supplemented the study by illustrating that people would continuously follow authority blindly. The reason for such an act is that the people with authority are thought of being morally correct. As such, people are obliged to follow the orders given by such people in the case where they think disobedience would have dire consequences. As such, authority is deemed to be legally based and individuals have a responsibility to respond to legitimate authority. The documentary applies to criminal justice in the sense that every individual is liable to any misfortunes that occur in their presence if it is deemed that they acted in an ignorant and negligent manner. As such, it is a criminal offence to abscond or fail to help an individual who needs urgent help before his or her demise. In addition, the law enforcers are responsible for mitigating crime. As such, failing to incorporate them to a criminal activity constitutes a crime against the state; hence, a criminal offence. Individuals have a sole responsibility to report cases of criminal activities, lest they stand liable to any misfortunes. Authorities ought to know their roles when handling wrongdoers. As such, suspects or prisoners would never have to comply with harsh orders from the officers. In addition, there ought to be platforms for reporting cases of immorality that force individuals to obey commands blindly. It is prudent to note that individuals have a responsibility to apply moral judgment beyond the legal

Eminem Essay Example for Free

Eminem Essay Eminem was married in his 20’s this was predictable because he had a stable girlfriend and was engaged therefore this led to marriage. The marriage stage in Eminem’s life was the good moments; it was like his life was on track finally. Eminem and Kim had a child together called Hailey. She was a bridesmaid at their wedding. This had a big effect on Eminem’s life because Hailey is his number one person. He loves her to pieces, he talks a lot about her in his music, and he expresses his upbringing to the world. This shows how the marriage and having a child affected him physically because now his expressing the good vibes in his music, it’s something that he is happy about. This affected him intellectually because his daughter is constantly on his mind hence why he made a song about her. His song ‘’Hailies Song’’ expresses a lot of his life and how much she has an effect on him, he seems to think that he is wasting his time throughout his life and he feels like the world is on his shoulders. His daughter gives him that little wakeup call that tells him that his life isn’t all that bad because he loves seeing her grow up. This shows how important Kim and Hailie are to him. Unfortunately he gets divorced with Kim and obviously this wasn’t predictable but it hurts him to think about the divorce and he actually feels like he wants to give up. This has an effect on his development because this could affect his future, when he meets someone new he is going to have doubts and be overprotective with his daughter and weary about who is getting himself involved with. He tried to make it work with Kim but it wasn’t as easy as he thought. Moving Homes Eminem was moving homes nearly every 3 months due to his home life being un stable with his mum, they never had a lot of money therefore he was forced to leave school in year 9. He had to start providing for his daughter and also his mum, he had to get a job and make his music his dream. He did it, he talks about it all in his songs; this shows the effect on his development because although he had no help from anyone else he made it, he had the confidence to get out there and make his dream. This must have been extremely hard for him because his mum was an alcoholic, they lived in a trailer. He used to get bullied in school due to not having the things that everyone had due to the lack of income. He had to build his bridge and get over the bad things and try moving himself onto the good things. It’s like he was forced to give up his education because of how important it was for him to start proving himself. This affected him physically because everyone can see the way he is growing up in this bad way; this could have affected his confidence leading him to feel embarrassed, this situation affected him intellectually because his mind was partly damaged because he wasn’t sure how to get out of the situation he was in this lead to confusion. Confusion affects a person emotionally because they are aggravated about what to do, people become restless. Eminem’s social life would have been affected by this because he was being judged and looked down on because no one liked him, he found it hard to get close to people and trust people this would have affected his relationship with people his own age. He never had the things that everyone else had, he never had a nice car and nice clothes unlike the others therefore he couldn’t compare to them. This is a predictable life stage because Eminem and his Mum never had much money; his mum was unable to pay rent therefore the time that she could stay at a house or trailer was limited. She was a drug taker therefore she could have had drug dealers after her for money. By putting Eminem’s upbringing into perspective moving house is predictable because it is band to happen. It’s impossible for a single parent who is on drugs and an alcoholic to not only bring up a child but to manage their low income, afford food and also pay for drugs within such a limited income span. Drugs and alcohol was clearly more important to his mum hence why she couldn’t pay her rent. Where this ituation was on going once Eminem had moved houses a few times he probably got used to the routine of moving house and because isolated or separated from old friends. It was a situation that he had no way of adapting to because he was never settled. Eminem getting scouted – Eminem got himself into a show at the Olympics, this is where he got scouted by Dre, Dre got him signed and helped him to make the success of his life. This had an impact on him because he is finally l iving his dream; the good has finally come out of all the bad things and the struggle that he has been through. He can now afford to provide for him, his mum and his daughter. He must have had enough of providing for his mum and he left home, it hurt him to leave home so much that he thought he would express it to the world. He expresses his life in his music, that’s why everyone loves him because his truthful. His music is deep; when Eminem moved out he made a song called ‘Cleaning out my closet’ He explains to his mum that he didn’t mean to hurt her, he couldn’t deal with all the commotion and emotion. He explains that people can trigger him but they’ll never figure him out. The reason for this is because his been through so much that no one will never understand the full reasons, they can have their opinion but they don’t know the truth. This has an effect on his life because people used to doubt him and thing that he was stupid do to him living in a trailer. They were fake people, they never understood him. He didn’t want to hurt his mum but he needed to leave. This had an effect on his development because he had to get his own house, bring up his daughter and escape from the misery that he was stuck in with his mum. This also gives him freedom to be able to cope without all of the stress loaded on top of him. To conclude all this up, Eminem started off leaving school and moving every 3 months due to his life being unstable because of his mum was on a low income. This lead for him to leave school and get a job to provide for him and his mum, he left school and got scouted at the Olympics by Dre, this is how he got his job. He got his life on track; he had a child and then moved out away from the stress. He had confidence in his self when no one else did. He is where he wanted to be, he was determined to win it and he did. This affected him physically because he can now afford to provide for himself and his daughter, he’s dress sense is more fashionable because he can afford to pay for these nice things. It would have affected him intellectually because his thoughts have changed; the tables in his life have turned because he is living his dream. Therefore the way he thinks will become more positive due to things falling into place and becoming more real. It would have affected him emotionally but in a good way, he is proud to know that he put in the effort himself, he was determined to win it and he was successful. You need to go through some bad to get the good; He didn’t have to be insecure about anything because he achieved what he wanted. When it comes too socially, his dream would affect him in a positive way because he had fans; thousands of people want to meet him. His fans are crazy for him, this built him a relationship with others because although the years that he has wasted and the tears that he has tasted nothing can take it from him. People have begun to love him for whom he is. This life situation was unpredictable because no one ever expected for Eminem to turn out the way he has, he went through such a bad stage as a child that he lost hope in everything. Until he tried something new; he started to go to shows and this is where he was found. He never knew that he would get scouted and became famous it was all a dream to him that came true.

Governess Relationships in Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Eyre essay

Governess Relationships in Bronte's Jane Eyre    The Victorian governess suffered socially because of her position. The relationship between her and others that were in her class was strained because of her financial situation. She often suffered from "status incongruity." The relationship between a governess and a gentleman was difficult because she was not his financial equal (Peterson 13). While the relationship was strained in her novel Jane Eyre, Bronte leads us to believe that it is not altogether impossible. When speaking of the governess and relationships we must first deal with "status incongruity" in the novel. There are several instances in Jane Eyre where the social strain is clearly displayed. The scene that takes place just before the charades give us a clear depiction of "status incongruity": Will you play? he [Rochester] asked. I shook my head. He did not insist, which I rather feared he would have done: he allowed me to return quietly to my usual seat. He and his aids now withdrew behind the curtain: the other party which was headed by Colonel Dent, sat down on the crescent of chairs. One of the gentlemen, Mr. Eshton, observing me, seemed to propose that I should be asked to join them; but Lady Ingram instantly negatived the notion. "NO" I heard her say: "she looks too stupid for any game of the sort." (185; ch. 18) "Status incongruity" is well displayed here. Rochester (not willing to exclude her) invites Jane to play charades, but offers no protests when she rejects his offer. Jane does not want to participate because she feels uncomfortable. Avoiding the game of charades was Jane’s way of escaping a situation which might have made both parties uncomfortable. She does not want to be placed in a si... ...ndependency (437; ch. 38). It is only when Jane has money of her own and is re-established in the social class to which she belonged that her marriage is able to take place without objections, or further complications. Bronte takes the impossible relationship, and makes it a reality. She does this, however, without losing the realism of the relationship. Jane Eyre is not a story of Cinderella and Prince Charming, Jane does not get rescued. In fact Jane works her way up the social ladder, accomplishing marriage without the social strain it would have had if she were still a governess.       Works Cited Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Beth Newman. Boston: Bedford, 1996. Hughes, Kathryn. The Victorian Governess. London: Hambledon, 1993. Peterson, Jeanne. "The Victorian Governess." Suffer and Be Still. Ed. Martha Vicinus. London: Indiana UP, 1972.

Software Engineering – Payroll System

Introduction Information System is processing of information received and transmitted to produce an efficient and effective process. One of the most typical information systems is the Transaction Processing System. Transaction Processing System collects, stores, modifies, and retrieves the transactions of a certain organization. The process of retrieving, modifying and transmitting data to be stored using information system is referred to as transaction. Transactions occur is known to be a part of records. All of these records were originally kept in paper. When a certain organization uses a certain transaction processing system, retrieving and transmitting of information will be available at anytime needed. The number and volume of transactions can be calculated for a given time period. Payroll System is complete Payroll  software  right from Employees Personal Information, Pay Structure, Loans, Reimbursement, Pay Slip Generation & Printing, Salary Register, P. F. , E. S. I. , Profession Tax, Income Tax, and L. I. C. Reports etc. Added to the above reports, standard formats for annual submissions of PF, E. S. I. , and P. T. are also generated automatically. This  software  can be used by Industrial units, Distribution Agencies, Departmental Stores, Consultants, Business Houses and Contractors Etc. The developers of the  package  follow a predefined pattern so that the user has the ease of use and can utilize the  package  to its fullest extent. Care has been taken so that the  software  is as much user friendly as possible and any suggestions on improvements in this regard are welcome. The use of this  package  is a must for  personnel  departments in various Industrial houses since it will help in reducing monotonous manual labour and produce accurate results for salary and related calculations. Payroll System with Time keeping and Fingerprint refers to the records – paper or electronic – and calculations that you make to work out your employees' pay and deductions under the PAYE (Pay As You Earn) system. It's essential to a business or company that you pay your employees the right amount and on time – and that you make the correct deductions. So keeping accurate payroll records is really important. Now a day, Manual System is replaced into more advance and modern technology, just like the Manual Payroll System where the accountant, computes or process employees salaries through calculator. The way of saving files and important documents are only filed in filing cabinets that may cause loss of files when large amount of data are being received. In addition, it is not secured. And in fact, most accountant, uses same software of Microsoft office especially MS Excel. And with the use of this proposed system, a new and more advance Payroll System may be produced which can provide data security, prevent loss of data and redundancy and easier to access, accurate and faster to use. ABSTRACT Project Objectives The Software engineering course that we took this semester placed emphasis on the paradigm of extreme Programming (XP) techniques. Extreme programming is a programming technique that bases its values on simplicity, communication, feedback and courage. It encourages team work and constant communication with the client. The objective of this project is to put into practice the teachings that we have learnt about XP. Approach When we were first given this project, we met to determine how we were to carry out the task assigned to us. We drew up a time-line, discussed about the programming language to use to carry out the task, how the GUI would look like and also to make sure that we understood what was assigned to us. We finally settled for Visual Basic (VB) as our programming language. We got more information on what we were to do and set about completing our task, making use of the new ideas taught in class, and especially spikes. Achievement Our task was to develop a payroll system that would keep a record of employee data including their pension plan, union membership status, and taxes and also to be able to calculate the pay of the employees taking into consideration employee data. We have been able to achieve these task. The software we developed calculates the employee net pay from the deductions. The pay slip can be printed out as a receipt. Most of the bugs that we found and those that the clients and beta users found have been corrected. Any new bugs found will also be corrected and the software will be updated and released. Because we used object-oriented principles, modifying the software to fix bugs or add a new feature has been relatively easy. The Company name We believe that consistent quality results can be achieved only if the organization is â€Å"process† driven. Therefore, we have designed a standard process which needs to be followed by our development group for each project/product. A process audit is carried out by the quality department, and any deviations from the standard process are reported. We keep enhancing our process depending upon the suggestions of our defect prevention board, and the Following is the snapshot of our standard software development process: Related Document| COMPANY NAME Software Development Life Cycle| Requirement Specifications| Step 1: Requirement Analysis:   This is perhaps the most important step in the entire cycle. If the requirements are understood well and documented clearly, then the implementation becomes much smoother and less amount of re-work is required in the software. Functional Specifications| Step 2: Functional Documentation: After the requirements are known, we make â€Å"Functional Specifications† which mainly consists of specifications of the user interface and the reports. These are given to the client, to give him the knowledge of how the system would function to meet his requirements. The comments of the client are addressed and then this document forms the basis of Software Design. | Design Specifications| Step 3: S oftware Design: Once the functionality is frozen, the software is then designed to implement the same. A design specifications document is created which describes the overall software architecture and the components included in the same. The Design Specification also divides the system into smaller components (modules) which we can be treated as individual units. | Program Specifications| Step 4: Module Specifications: After the Design is finalized, program specifications are prepared for each independent unit identified in the Design. The development of modules is carried out on basis of these program specifications. |   | Step 5: Unit Development: Each module is developed on the basis of program specifications. The software developed is reviewed by peer as well as by SQA. | Unit Test Plan| Step 6: Unit Testing Each unit developed is then tested independently. Stubs are used wherever there is integration required with other units. The unit is first tested by the developer, and then an Independent unit testing is carried out to flush out unit level errors. |   | Step 7: System Integration Once all the units are developed, the system is then integrated together by the integration team. | System Test Plan| Step 8: Integration Testing This is the last step before the software is released to the user. The integrated system is tested on basis of system integration test plan to see whether it meets all the requirements of the system. The integration testing is first carried out by development group and then carried out by the SQA. The system is released only when it gets satisfactory quality rating by the SQA. | UAT plan| Step 9: User Acceptance Test Once the software is released, a user acceptance test is carried out in the production environment. The system is put into production when the user is satisfied with the results of user acceptance test. | Payroll System  Our Payroll System is specific to Philippine setting. It has a fully integrated attendance leave credit monitoring, benefits & compensation management. It has an open-ended employee number capacity. It is ready for integration with any timekeeping device(s) or software. Its robust database capability can process large records with ease. TimeKeeping and Fingerprint System  Ã‚  The Timekeeping System works as the Bundy-clock component of the payroll system. The list of employees is imported from the payroll software. There is no need for an employee list encoding! The package includes a biometric Finger Print Recognition Device. The initial list of mployees is imported from the payroll software. It is just a simple â€Å"click† on the interface button. * Simple Interface with Photo Display upon Finger Print Recognition. * Intelligent Finger Print In & Out Recognition, right on the spot for real-time verification of employees. * Fully Supported and Seamless Inter – connectivity with the PayrollPro. * Customized reports and fine-tuning is guaranteed for specific attendance-related company-policies. Statement of the Problem   In any company, it is very important to monitor the employee’s attendance or time for accurate payroll and discipline. Some companies and schools are using manual punch card to record the employee’s attendance while others are still using logbook. Traditionally, such information would be gathered on a site by site basis and transmitted by either manual or electronic means, to a central point where payroll would then be processed and other reports prepared. Oftentimes, the information was outdated by the time it arrived, delaying payroll preparation and requiring numerous employees to complete just that one task. Based on observation, Universidad de Manila is currently using the punch card machine and log book for time and attendance data tracking. But these systems are inaccurate and are less secured. These also have the following time keeping problems: 1. Lost card/ logbook – Misplacement by the time keeper. – Pages of logbook are crumpled and torn apart. 2. Buddy punching -Proxy attendance for others 3. Manual encoding of attendance to payroll programs and other frauds. | General Problem: i. How to develop an upgrade payroll system that can help the employee’s to lessen their effort and consuming of time when they using it? Specific Problem: i. What are the Benefits of Payroll System? An automated payroll system helps the company to manage its payroll processes more effectively. As an organization expands, the operations can be more challenging. The company hires new employees, promotes current ones to new positions, and terminates others. It's hard for a payroll employee or department to keep track of all these changes by hand. An automated payroll system solves these problems because it captures and stores new hire information and processes payroll quickly and accurately especially we will upgrade their current system to a new one which is much easier to access data. ii. How the Fingerprints help the employees to lessen the time they consume before? Well Fingerprints help solve mysteries and crimes and such is because a fingerprint is unique because you’re the only one who has that pattern such as cuts, curves, and swirls. But now we will use Fingerprint as Time in and Time out to lessen the waste of time of an employee. They just need to touch the biometric and that is so easy than the previous system they use. Current State of Technology In a company, payroll is the sum of all financial records of salaries for an employee, wages, bonuses and deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for working for a period of time. Payroll is crucial because payroll and payroll taxes considerably affect the net income of most companies and they are subject to laws and regulations. The primary mission of the payroll department is to ensure that all employees are paid accurately and timely with the correct allowances and deductions, and to ensure the allowances and deductions are paid in a timely manner. This includes salary payments, tax withholdings, and deductions. Pens and big notebook are usually used in logbook system. Employees will simply write down their names, time they log-in and signatures as their attendance. When the time of work is done or employees had to leave from their work because of an emergency, they will just write the time-out for completing their attendance for the day. While in punch card machine, the employees simply insert the time card or punch card into a slot on the Bundy clock. When the time card hit a contact at the rear of the slot of the clock, the machine could print day and time information on the card. Using this, employees can easily do the proxy attendance for others. Especially when you will need to calculate manually the taxes, insurance and any other applicable deductions and allowances in addition to each employee's actual earnings. The advantage of using their manual system is that it is very inexpensive, with virtually no start-up costs and the disadvantage of it is that whatever you save on start-up costs will probably be eaten up by the amount of time it takes to process payroll. In addition, it's very easy to make mistakes when processing payroll manually, and the penalty for mistakes, especially mistakes in taxing, can be very costly. Project Rational The study focuses on the Automated Payroll System that will help the company to have an accurate system that will lessen the waste of time when they use this system. This study will be the one source to improve the Technical knowledge in system in software engineering. This study will be a great foot step to practicing their ability in making an automated system and to their knowledge in programming. The computerized payroll software systems save time and money, they're very easy to use and they're also very practical. Especially for the employee, Computerized payroll systems are much faster and easier compared to the manual processing also quick and accurate it will be easy for Time In and Time Out and also it lessen the work load of the Accountant specifically when preparing the summary of their report and the computation of monthly deduction and net salary. General Objective Specific Objective: An objective of our proposed system is to develop a system that will eliminate the problem of insufficient and incomplete information. This proposed system will contain a different flow in calculating the salary, eduction and etc. that will eliminate the error. and also we provide a fingerprint to make a sufficient process when making a Login and Logout. To develop a payroll system that has a fingerprint technology we provide a fingerprint to make a sufficient process when making a Time in and Time out and it will be much faster and less of time for the employee and to the accountant. She don’t nee d to encode it in a spreadsheet because, it’s connected to the payroll so it become easy for the accountant. Computerized Payroll System File Maintenance The system provides the following: Employee File The employee file program is used to add, change view or delete employees’ data. Position Deduction File This program is used to maintain employee deduction records. Note: only employees who have adjustments, misc. earnings, or misc. deductions should have a deduction record. Deduction records that do not have a corresponding employee record will be automatically purged by the calculate payroll pre-processing program. Scope and Limitation After several interviews and observations, the researchers have come to identify how the payroll works. The aim of the research is to provide a specific COMPANY, a computerized payroll system. The proposed system will guide the employer through all the stages of the process. SCOPE The  System  is designed for the enhancement or development of Computerized Payroll System for COMPANY. It includes the features that can Add Employees record, Edit Employees information, Delete Employees record, print / Save the Pay Slip of each employee and Updating Employees information as well as the Weekly Salary, Cash advance, the rate per day, overtime, Gross payment, Net pay, and Deduction such as withholding tax and SSS, adding up with a log-in log-out process for security purpose. Moreover, with help file can be used by the users to know how to use the payroll software. Special Features Time Card Entry (Daily Entry or Summary Entry per Payroll Period) Automated computation of withholding tax * (weekly/ semi / monthly/ year-end) * Automatic computation of SSS/ PhilHealth and PagIbig Premiums * Infinite slots for user definable other income and deductions * Loan handling module for SSS, PagIbig and your very own company vales which effectively keeps track of each balances * Printing of Pay Slips and Payroll Register Report generation for SSS, PhilHealth, PagIbig ; withholding tax (monthly ; quarterly reports) * Automatic year-end recap of withholding LIMITATIONS On the other hand, this study limits only to the proposed enhancement Computerized Payroll System of the COMPANY. A proposed system which can only be access by authorized person. It does not support network topology implementation, online program or online transaction.

Business btec level 3 unit 2 P1 Essay

In this task I am going to be defining the recruitment process and documentation components. Recruitment is a process in which allows businesses to obtain selected qualified people to attend to a job vacancy. The recruitment process is the steps in order to successfully pick suitable employees that match the specifications. There are typically seven steps included in the recruitment process to ensure the right person is selected: There are usually four main types of documentation that is included in the recruitment processÍ ¾ job description, person specification, application form and legal contract. The job description is a document stating the initial role of the job that is being advertised and allows candidates to know what they are applying for and for them to prepare for their interview. Job descriptions are used through all stages of the recruitment process as a description is often included in the advertisement, a candidate will then see the expectations again during an interview along with successful candidates revisiting this document when they begin the job. The job description usually states the main roles and responsibilities that the job requires and the hours that you are expected to work. Person specification is a document in which allows employers to figure out whether applicants are worth interviewing as they state the essential and desirable requirements includingÍ ¾ skills, experience, qualifications and knowledge. The person specification is drawn up at the same time as the job description and is most likely to also be available on the advertisement. Along with the job description, person specification is also a component of the short ­listing stage however it may not be revisited again. Application forms are the most typical way of applying for a job however there are two other different forms of application documentationÍ ¾ CV and cover letter. A CV is used to summarise your qualifications, experience and any other information. A cover letter is usually attached with your CV or application form to basically sell yourself to the employer and let them know why you’re the perfect candidate. Application forms are usually used when you’re applying for the job and then are revisited in your interview. The last form of documentation for the application process is the legal contract in which is used when you receive the job. The legal document is between you and the employer and states all the terms and conditions including the shifts, rules and regulations and expe

AIDS Case Study Essay Essays

AIDS Case Study Essay Essays AIDS Case Study Essay Essay AIDS Case Study Essay Essay Client Profile: Mr. Thomas is a 42 twelvemonth old adult male admitted to the infirmary with ailments of shortness of breath. febrility. weariness and unwritten thrush. The wellness attention supplier reviews the research lab and diagnostic trials with Mr. Thomas and informs him he has pneumonia and is HIV positive. Mr. Thomas believes that he contracted HIV while involved in an matter with another adult female three old ages ago. He is afraid to state his married woman. cognizing she will be angry and that she may go forth him. Case Study: The nurse assigned to care for Mr. Thomas reads in the medical record ( chart ) that he learned two yearss ago he was HIV positive. There is a note in the record that indicates that Mr. Thomas has non told his married woman the diagnosing. To finish a functional wellness form appraisal. the nurse asks Mr. Thomas if he may inquire him a few inquiries. Mr. Thomas is willing and in the class of their conversation portions with the nurse that he believes that he contracted the HIV during an matter with another adult female. He states. â€Å"How can I state my married woman about this? I am so ashamed. It is bad plenty that I had an matter. but to hold to state her in this manner – I merely don’t think I can. She is non ill at all. I will merely state I have pneumonia and take the medicine my wellness attention supplier gave me. I do non desire my married woman of anyone else to cognize. If she begins to demo marks of non experiencing good. so I will state her. I merely can’t tell anyone. What will people believe of me if they know I have AIDS? † 1. Briefly discuss how the HIV is transmitted and how it is non. How can Mr. Thomas prevent the transmittal of HIV to his married woman and others? In septic people. infective HIV is present merely in cells and in some bodily fluids. HIV can be isolated easy from blood. seeds and vaginal/cervical secernments ( including catamenial fluids ) . Blood and seeds are the cells that are most likely to transport HIV. HIV has besides been isolated from chest milk. With much greater trouble. the virus has on juncture. been isolated from spit. cryings. and urine. It is has non been isolated from sweat or fecal matters. The current scientific position is that organic structure fluids other than blood. seeds. vaginal/cervical secernments. and breast milk. contain so small. if any. HIV that they are non of major importance in HIV transmittal between persons. HIV is really delicate outside of the organic structure. so transmission requires direct contact of two substances. fluid incorporating the HIV from an septic individual and susceptible cells ( normally via the blood watercourse ) of another individual. Casual contact includes all types o f ordinary every twenty-four hours. non-sexual contact between and among people. Shaking custodies. caressing. caressing. sharing eating utensils. sharing towels or serviettes. utilizing the same phone and utilizing a lavatory place are all illustrations of insouciant contact. Because HIV is rapidly inactive outside the organic structure. it can non last in unfastened air or in H2O. ( 1 ) Methods that Mr. Thomas can convey HIV to his married woman and others would be any type of blood transmittal or adumbrate sexual contact. Epidemiological information points to three manners of HIV transmittal from individual to individual: from blood. from birth. and from sex. Since Mr. Thomas is male we can traverse out birth. Mr. Thomas can forestall transmittal of HIV to his married woman and others by merely prosecuting in sexual activity with a rubber. and even so there is a hazard of the rubber breakage and so being careful with any types of cuts. unfastened lesions. and contact with others and his ain blood. 2. Mr. Thomas stated. â€Å"What will people believe of me if they know I have AIDS? † How can the nurse explain the difference between being HIV positive and holding AIDS? The nurse can explicate n that Mr. Thomas does non hold AIDS. AIDs are a complication once the immune system can no longer manage contending the HIV infection. HIV is the existent infection itself. AIDS is what happens one time the immune system is compromised taking the manner to other infections that may non impact a normal healthy grownup or kid. but become life endangering to a individual with AID’s. This is caused by the diminished immune systems inability to contend off any infection. 3. Discourse the ethical quandary inherent in this instance. HIV revelation is defined as a ‘complex and multifaceted procedure of doing a voluntary or nonvoluntary determination about whom to inform about one’s position. why. when. where and how’ . This is peculiarly disputing when it comes to informing patients’ sexual spouses. besides referred to as spouse presentment. The three attacks to spouse presentment include: I ) beginning referral. whereby the wellness attention supplier encourages the patients to alarm their spouses themselves ; twos ) provider referral. whereby the wellness attention supplier notifies the spouses with the consent of the patients while esteeming the patients’ confidentiality ; and iii ) conditional referral. whereby the patients in understanding with the wellness attention supplier are supposed to inform their spouses within a given clip frame otherwise the wellness attention supplier will make so ( but without uncovering the patients’ individuality ) ( 2 ) 4. Does the wellness attention supplier have a legal duty to state anyone other than Mr. Thomas that he is HIV positive? If so. discuss. Legally. the nurse can’t tell anyone. â€Å"In tribunal advising an HIV-positive patient’s spouse can be argued in footings of transgressing professional moralss because ethically it is incorrect to unwrap your patient’s consequence or diagnosing to 3rd parties without that individual’s consent. † 5. Any loss. such as loss of one’s wellness. consequences in a grief response. Describe the phases of heartache harmonizing to Kubler-Ross. Denial: â€Å"This can non go on to me! †Anger: â€Å"Why did this happen to me? Who’s to fault for this? † Bargaining: â€Å"Just allow me populate. and I’ll do anything†Depression: â€Å"I am excessively sad to make anything†Credence: â€Å"I’m at peace with what is coming† . 6. Discuss which phase of grief Mr. Thomas is most likely experiencing. Provide examples of Mr. Thomas’s behavior that back up your determination. I believe that Mr. Thomas is sing both denial and choler. In denial. he recognizes that this is so go oning to him but he does non desire his married woman to cognize and that is his refusal to accept what is traveling on. The choler part comes from him faulting his matter for it go oning in which sense he blames both himself and the adult female he had the matter with. 7. What research lab trials are used to corroborate the diagnosing of HIV infection in an grownup? HIV is most normally diagnosed by proving your blood or spit for the presence of antibodies to the virus. A newer type of trial cheques for HIV antigen. a protein produced by the virus instantly after infection. 8. Discourse the map of CD4 T cells and supply an illustration of how the CD4 T cell count guides the direction of HIV. CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that’s specifically targeted and destroyed by HIV. A healthy person’s CD4 count can change from 500 to more than 1. 000. Even if a individual has no symptoms. HIV infection progresses to Help when his or her CD4 count becomes less than 200. ( 3 ) 9. Briefly explain the intent of viral burden blood trials in supervising the patterned advance of HIV. The viral burden trial measures the sum of virus in your blood. Surveies have shown that people with higher viral tonss by and large fare more ill than do those with a lower viral burden. ( 3 ) 10. Mr. Thomas expresses a preparedness to larn more about HIV. Discuss the nurse’s initial intercession when get downing client instruction and so discourse the patterned advance of the HIV disease. including an account of primary infection. A. B. and C and four chief types of timeserving infections. There are different phases of HIV infection. Primary HIV infection can demo symptoms that can be confused as the grippe. These symptoms can last for a couple yearss to a few hebdomads and so vanish. Phase 2 is an symptomless phase significance that the patient likely shows small to no symptoms. â€Å"This phase stopping points for an norm of 10 old ages and. as its name suggests. is free from major symptoms. although there may be swollen secretory organs. The degree of HIV in the peripheral blood beads to really low degrees but people remain infective and HIV antibodies are noticeable in the blood. so antibody trials will demo a positive consequence. Research has shown that HIV is non hibernating during this phase. but is really active in the lymph nodes. A trial is available to mensurate the little sum of HIV that escapes the lymph nodes. This trial which measures HIV RNA ( HIV familial stuff ) is referred to as the viral burden trial. and it has an of import function in the intervention of HIV infection. † ( 4 ) Phase 3 is diagnostic HIV characterized by lymph nodes and tissues going for good damaged and the virus get downing to mutate to AIDs due to the inability of the organic structure maintaining up with helper T cell reconstructing as the HIV virus putting to deaths off the assistant T cells. Phase 4 is patterned advance of HIV to AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when any status listed in clinical phase 4 is diagnosed and/or the CD4 count is less than 200 cells/mm3 or a CD4 per centum less than 15. ( 4 ) The ABC’s of HIV are: Abstinence for young person. including the hold of sexual introduction and abstention until matrimony Being tested for HIV and being faithful in matrimony and monogamous relationships Correct and consistent usage of rubbers for those who pattern high-risk behavior ( 4 ) The CDC has listed 24 types of timeserving infections sing HIV. As his nurse I would do certain Mr. Thomas had the information sing all 24. but I would clear up on the 4 chief 1s since he is already exhibiting symptoms of those. Four chief types of timeserving infections in respects to HIV are: â€Å"Thrush: fungous infection of the oral cavity. pharynx. or vagina. Herpes simplex virus: can do unwritten herpes ( cold sores ) or venereal herpes. This is a reasonably common infection but if you have HIV. the eruptions can be much more frequent and more terrible. Mycobacterium avium composite ( MAC or MAI ) – a bacterial infection that can do repeating febrilities. general ill feelings. jobs with digestion. and s erious weight loss Pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP ) – a fungous infection that can do a fatal pneumonia. † ( 6 ) 11. Following the nurse’s instruction. Mr. Thomas states. â€Å"How stupid I was to hold that matter. Not merely could it destroy my matrimony. but it gave me a decease sentence. † Share with Mr. Thomas what you know about long-run subsisters. long-run non-progressors. and extremely active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) . HIV bearers can transport the virus for a decennary demoing small to no symptoms.There are many different types of care drug therapies to relieve symptoms. and cut down the rate of patterned advance. Antiretroviral therapy can assist procrastinate the patterned advance of the disease. nevertheless. discontinuance of antiretroviral therapy may ensue in viral recoil. immune decomposition. and clinical patterned advance of HIV. Break of HAART is non recommended ( 7 ) . With HAART. patients who have had a positive HIV trial have gone every bit long as 30 old ages with small to no symptoms and no patterned advance of AIDS ( 6 ) . HAART is defined as a drug regimen to accomplish sustained viral suppression. Simplified intervention regimens and diminishing the figure of medicines that patients have to take each twenty-four hours has proven effectual in patient’s attachment to their intervention. Drug companies are invariably happening new ways to unite the inhibitors into 2-3 medicin es versus the extended intervention regimens originally used. Overall attachment rates are still merely 30-50 % in the US. so I would urge extended follow up with Mr. Thomas and his wellness attention suppliers to increase his attachment. 12. Discourse how the nurse should react if Mr. Thomas’s married woman approaches him in the hall and asks. â€Å"Did the trial consequences come back yet? Do you cognize what is incorrect with my hubby? † The nurse must state Mr. Thomas’s married woman that she can non discourse Mr. Thomas’s medical status with her and that she must inquire Mr. Thomas himself. Legally and ethically. the nurse can non give Mr. Thomas’s married woman any information sing his status and diagnosing if Mr. Thomas has specifically asked for no information to be disclosed. which he has. 13. List five possible nursing diagnosings appropriate to see for Mr. Thomas. I chose these 5 for where Mr. Thomas is related to his disease at this clip. 1. Deficient cognition related to HIV infection. agencies of forestalling HIV transmittal. and self-care 2. Hazard for infection related to immunodeficiency.3. Activity intolerance related to failing. weariness. malnutrition. impairedfluid and electrolyte balance and hypoxia associated with pneumonic infections. 4. Social isolation related to stigma of disease. backdown of support systems. isolation processs. and fright of infecting others. 5. Anticipatory sorrowing related t alterations in life style and functions and unfavourable forecast Mentions1 ) Conner. Ross F. . A ; Fan. Hung Y. . A ; Vilarreal. Luis P. Aids. Science and Society. Sixth Edition. 2011. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. LLC 2 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. biomedcentral. com/1472-698X/11/63 ) World Wide Web. mayoclinic. com4 ) World Wide Web. avert. org5 ) World Wide Web. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. org6 ) World Wide Web. AIDSs. org7 ) Smeltzer. Suzanne C. . A ; Hinkle. Janice L. . A ; Bare. Brenda G. . A ; Cheever. Kerry H. Brunner A ; Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. ( 2010 ) . Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams A ; Wilkins

Differentiated Instruction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Differentiated Instruction - Research Paper Example With the coming into implementation of the plan instruction and, assessment and curriculum for education in the school district has been aligned to this. I am currently serving as a teacher at Hillcrest Elementary School a position I have held for the last seven years. The school has a population of about seven hundred students, in preparatory school through to the seventh grade. Each level has three classes which have a team led by a team leader (Cusumano &Mueller, 2007). Instructional support is offered by a psychologist employed by the school on full time basis, a rereading consultant for the reading program, special education program which is staffed with gifted and talented teacher. In 2010 the school district put into action a balanced literacy program intended to align every school standards with those of the state (Cifuentes, &Ozel, 2006). While this program has been successfully implemented in terms of curriculum and instructional support, Hillcrest Elementary School still h as the lowest rate of literacy especially in reading with approximately 35% of the learners scoring minimal and basic scores in the sixth grade WKCE. Description of Objectives To improve proficiency in the implementation of a balanced literacy program in my classroom placing significant emphasis on instructed reading so as to enhance learner achievement aligned to school benchmarks, while at the same time enhancing enjoyment and interest in reading (Lawrence-Brown, 2004). Rationale for the Objectives and the Connection to Self Reflection, Educational Situation, and Standards The school district has been engaged in the implementation of a balanced literacy framework that covers the seven schools in the district. Greater emphasis has been placed upon the training and implementation of writers’ workshop, guided reading and supplementary literacy initiatives incorporated into all K-5 classrooms (Levy, 2008). Hillcrest Elementary School has set benchmarks of the improvement of wri ting and reading which is based upon school performance data. In my reflection I determined that there was a need to take into account best practices in reading instruction. I recognized a need to acquire more skills in the employment of guided strategies for reading which took into account and focused upon specific needs of individual students (Zmuda, Kuklis, & Kline, 2004). In the past my teaching was primarily targeted at the class as a whole which resulted in a feeling that there was a discrepancy since the high performers felt underworked while the low achievers felt overburdened. An analysis of student performance has portrayed that the low achievers show little improvement while the high achievers many a time complain of a lack of interest in learning as a result of the content not being challenging enough (Gibson, & Hasbrouck, 2008). Plan for Documenting and Assessing Achievement of Objectives I will employ instructed reading in a gradual manner in order to evaluate the prog ression of student achievement towards proficiency that is aligned to certain grades. Achievement will also be evaluated according to DRA benchmark evaluations administered at the beginning and end of the year. In order to evaluate enjoyment of reading and enhancement of interest, I will

Childhood Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Childhood Obesity - Essay Example considered, little researched yet greatly damaging cycle these children have been caught in that provides little room for success and tremendous costs for failure. The book covers the topic of overweight children from a variety of perspectives based on results of the previously mentioned administered questionnaire, literature reviews and in-field practice. By covering the public health implications of overweight children early in the book (chapter 2) with a section written by her son, Dr. Eric Rimm with the Harvard School of Public Health, the author gets this broadly based topic out in the open and out of the way both at the same time. A discussion of why excess consumption of food and reduced levels of activity occurs as a child begins to gain weight opens the book and sets the stage for the remainder of the discussion. More than just the mathematics of more food plus less exercise equals an overweight child, Rimm goes into deeper detail to look at the emotional aspect of both of these questions. Food becomes equated with love, good times, special occasions and celebration. To deprive children of these foods automatically induces an impressi on of punishment whether that was the intent or not. At the same time, because of natural awkwardness or as the result of an increasing middle section, many of these kids are not as coordinated, quick, able or flexible as other kids, inducing a further punishment idea behind the concept of activity which further pushes them to avoid exercise. The rest of the book deals with the emotional impact of being overweight from many different angles. Explaining how being overweight can affect a child’s self-esteem, self-confidence, relationships with peers and acceptance of self, the impact this has on their academic careers as they evaluate themselves and as teachers evaluate them based on preconceived notions of the â€Å"fat and lazy† variety, exploring why these children’s interests are typically much different from the

Government Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Government Regulations - Essay Example Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is an age-old problem. Counterfeit drugs are readily and cheaply available in need. Patients can't differentiate in between the fake and real drugs and fall easy prey to the counterfeiting. Counterfeit drugs pose health problems to public. It is necessary to prevent these fake drugs to enter the drug supply chain to become legitimate. The legitimacy has to be broken by attacking the chain and identifying the culprits. Through strict regulations, a relatively comprehensive system of laws, and enforcement by Federal and state authorities has kept drug counterfeiting rare in United States. Recently it is gradually raising its head again. Most of the countries worldwide could not fight the menace effectively.. This has put the genuine drug companies, wholesalers and retailers into big loss. Many that are involved in shady deals have to face legal actions and punishments. It is through accepting the problem, going into the depth and abiding by the government regulations firms in drug dealing and manufacturing could take strategic decisions to get rid of the problems. Strategic decisions by pharmaceutical companies in cooperation with FDA have been taken in USA to develop comprehensive framework for pharmaceutical supply chain to secure against threat of counterfeiting in drugs. Multinational pharmaceutical companies are developing inter-firm cooperation with supply chain and partnering with government and health advocates to work on the new methods to fight the problems. Track and trace method with the help of new technology of Radio frequency Identification (RFID) has been adopted to foil counterfeiting in drugs. The RFID would enable to tag all products by manufacturers, wholesales, and retailers which can't be altered easily and be verified when required with authentication It will make copying of medicines either very difficult or very costly to deter counterfeiting. Many other authentication technologies such as holograms,

Human ressources management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Human ressources management - Assignment Example Performances of the organizations are highly dependent on the efficiencies of the employees. The employees are highly informed on this matter. Sometimes they try to resist different changes by manipulating their performance, efficiency and productivity. Organizational change is a serious issue that every modern company is facing. Organizational change is the systematic movement of a company from one position to another position. It may change the outlook of an organization. Resistance of change is not a new concept. Whenever organizations have come up with different changes they face significant and tough challenges from the employees. Sometimes resistances are prominent or direct and sometimes it has been underlying or indirect. The companies across the world are spending lots of money and energy for implementing changes in their organizations without facing too much of resistances. Here in this essay a detailed discussion will be done about how the employees offer effective resista nces to prevent any organizational changes. The essay will include introduction, main body and conclusion. It will be a step by step approach. The main objective of this essay is to find various ways through which employees around the world resist different organizational changes. Organizational change is a regular phenomenon. With the changing scenarios employees are also varying their ways to oppose any changes. The study will help to understand that how employees often hinder the way of changes. In this essay the main objective will be to find out and analyze different methods, generally employees across the world follows to prevent any changes. This essay will inform managements of the different organizations about the possible responses of the employees in the context of organizational changes. If managements of the organizations are able to get the pictures of possible resistances then it will be easy for them to manage different resistances. In

Generic Structure Of Hortatory Exposition English Language Essay

Generic Structure Of Hortatory Exposition English Language Essay Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way. In other words, a hortatory exposition is a text whose purpose is persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done. Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition 1. Thesis/ General Statement. 2. Arguments 3. Recommendation Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition 1. Focusing on the writer 2. Using abstract noun: policy, advantage, etc 3. Using action verbs 4. Using thinking verbs 5. Using modals 6. Using adverb: certainly, surely, etc 7. Using temporal connectives/transition: firstly, secondly, etc 8. Using evaluative words: important, valuable, trustworthy, etc 9. Using passive voice 10. Using simple present tense The following section presents some example of hortatory exposition. Example 1 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Indonesian People Should Value All the Different Culture to Promote Unity of the Nation Indonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many different religions and cultures from many provinces are now seen living side by side in many places. One of the biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to deal with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote unity. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LJkGEZniDJQ/T19zjIs20qI/AAAAAAAAAns/0RK7ntcEEOg/s200/hortatory-exposition.jpg Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance among people is the best way to maintain the unity among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of personal choice, then it must respect the personal choice to retain their heritage. Then, unity of the nation can be preserved. Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation. Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare, social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger. Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive matter for people. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the cultural identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 2 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Watch your Kids While Watching TV Television becomes one of the most important devices which takes place in almost houses. It can unite all members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your kids are watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely Yes and that should be done by all parents. Television can expose things you have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism and so on. Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or at bedtime often cause bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration. Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive. Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight. Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children with the following tips: Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 3 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Should not Bring Mobile Phone to School Recently most people own mobile phone. Why does mobile phone user increase dramatically in recent years? First, the feature and functions has increased. Mobile phone is not used just for calling, but sending text, taking pictures, recording videos, accessing internet, playing games and much more. Second, mobile phone has also become a lot cheaper. Now this communication device does not only fill the pocket of adult but also teenager and student. Even a lot phones are intentionally designed to teenaged market. However should they be allowed to bring them to school? Many schools do not allow students to bring cell phones to school. It is very reasonable because bringing phone to school potentially disrupts the learning process. Most students use cell phones irresponsibly. They use cell phones to talk to their friend during class time. They also use the calculator and camera features in the class as well. Those potentially lead less concentration in the time of learning and teaching process. Students go to school to learn and behave fair way. Mobile phones provide a large temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to anyone and almost anywhere in the world. Because of the small size of the cell phone, students can send a text quietly and discreetly. The text can go unnoticed anywhere to get help on answering tests, homework, and other class assignment. Learning in school is to behave fair not cheating. Therefore, schools should ban students from bringing their cell phones. However it should be done fairly. In case of an emergency some student need a call for help, providing easy access to phone is better. (Source: blogspot.com/2010/02/contoh-hortatory-text-sample-should-not.html) Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 4 of a Hortatory Exposition Text How ASEAN Should Face CAFTA The China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) is a win-win situation for ASEAN. It will help speed the recovery of ASEAN from the global recession. The CAFTA is an important vehicle for trade-led growth and recovery in the ASEAN region with growth of 3.9 percent in 2009 which most likely will increase in 2010. Furthermore, the launch of a US$10 billion infrastructure investment fund by China to improve roads, railways and airlines and strengthen telecommunication links may help speed the ASEAN recovery. China has also committed to a $15 billion credit facility to promote regional integration. ASEAN should take advantage of this and not rely completely on the United States. Times are changing and regional groupings like the CAFTA, the SCO, the EU, the NAFTA, etc., are more beneficial than so-called globalization. One crisis, like the one in the US, has a domino effect to the world economy, whereas one region that falls into a crisis can be rescued by other regions not affected by it. World trade will be more stable under divided regional groupings and still maintain world trade and investments globally. Last but not the least, in order to take advantage of the CAFTA and make it work, ASEAN should cut down its bureaucratic red tape in its financial and economic sectors to efficiently speed up trade and investment, and do it with transparency. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 5 of a Hortatory Exposition Text What is the Benefit of Tourism for Local People? Well, Tourism is now a huge contributor to the economies of most countries. Tourism industries can bring money, job vacancy and advancement especially to developing regions. However, this money often goes into the pockets of foreign investors, and only rarely benefits for local people. Tourism industries will not give much benefit for local people if, for example, multinational hotel chains dont care about the surrounding nature when they build new hotels. This can cause many social, cultural and geographical problems. Some local people may get job and money from that International hotel chain. However in case of missing that opportunity, some of them still have their own environment. Moreover, some facts show that tourists tend to go, visit and spend their money in restaurants, bars and even luxury hotels of that multinational chains. They less go to such places; restaurant, bar, hotel, shop which are owned by local people. This can prevent the local peoples business from becoming even larger. Most important thing, tours or excursions of tourism have little effect on nature. Even it can disrupt or destroy ecosystems and environments, and if it does, the local people will get the risk. So the local government policies should be put in place to ensure that tourism will make the benefit spreading widely. The policies should guarantee that tourism will not cause any harm to any local people or places. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 6 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Choosing Home Schooling as Kids Learning Recently more parents choose to school their children from home. There are the positive aspects of this form of education versus other public and private schools. Homeschooling could be the parents right choice of learning for the kids There are a number of reasons as to why parents opt to home school their children. They include: * Religious reasons. * Family reasons. * Poor learning environment at the school. * Object the lessons of public school. * The child has a disability or is special needs. * Transportation issues. * Public or private school did not challenge the child. * The child could not get into the desired private school. * The parents career So if parents decide that home schooling is the best option for their children, they need to do a little research in finding out what criteria they and their children must meet. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 7 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Encouraging to Use Mass Transportation Mass transportation is a kind of transportation system which large numbers of people are carried within a single vehicle. Airplanes, railways, buses, trolleys, light rail systems, and subways are examples of mass transportation systems. This mass transit systems is believed to be the future way which can solve the heavy traffic in the street. Mass transportation have a number of advantages over private automobile. In many parts of the world, mass transportation is an important component of a nations transportation system. Where people are too poor to buy automobiles, they depend on bicycles or animals or mass transit systems such as bus lines to travel within a city and from city to city. Mass transportations such as bus, train, plane are more efficient ways of moving people than the private automobile. For example, a subway system can transport 80,000 passengers per hour. In comparison, an 8-lane freeway can carry only 20,000 passengers per hour. The cost of operating an inter-city bus line typically runs about two cents per vehicle mile, about one-tenth the comparable average for a private automobile. Mass transit systems also take up much less space than do the highways needed for the movement of automobile traffic. Most urban landscapes today are a vivid testimony to the amount of space required for private automobiles. To make that mass transportation system works, some experts suggest that forms of mass transportation should be developed. The efforts can be: Setting up van pools for employees in big company areas. Picking up people who live close to each other in small vans and brought to and from work as a group. Having an experiment with dial-a-ride programs which elderly citizens can call to request transportation in a mini-van from one point to another. Attempting to increase the use of mass transportation by imposing high taxes on parking and tolls leading to the city for private automobiles. Developing new subway, trolley, and bus lines, and other alternative forms of mass transportation. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 8 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Never Try Smoking A lot of people, especially teenagers, who do not smoke, always want to try smoking. They know it is bad for them and all, but it is just something they want to try. So they ask one of their smoker friends for a cigarette. Admittedly, they firstly can not light it on their own so they ask his friend to do it. Then they inhale that cigarette and smoke occasionally. Apparently that makes them the born smokers. Now they do smoke fairly regularly. They can not avoid smoking and they enjoy too. They have smoker friends. Everyday they bring a pack in their pocket. For them, a pack of cigarette is as important as a wallet for their money. Suddenly, for certain reason, they realize the fact that tobacco is the cause of a long list of nasty diseases. It is not only heart disease, stroke, and chronic lung disease but also bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Even it was reported that around 400,000 Americans died each year. It was one every 80 seconds from tobacco-related illnesses. Then they decide it is stupid to harm selves. They want to quit smoking. Unfortunately, they find that quitting smoking is so difficult. Why cant I stop smoking? I really want to stop it. It is hard to quit because nicotine is powerfully addictive. Cigarette is one of the most efficient drug-delivery devices ever devised. As result, when people try to quit smoking, they often experience classic nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, headache, depression, and restlessness. Well, still want to try smoke? Think the facts before trying! If you are not smoker, you should never and never try to smoke. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 9 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Why Should Weare a Helmet when Motorcycling? We often hear lots of stories from road regarding people taking spill on motorcycle when they are riding without using helmet. Mostly the riders badly end up in mess. Wearing a fitted protective helmet offers many benefits which reduces the negative aspects of riding. First and the most important is that wearing the correct helmet can save a riders life, physical ability, family pain, and money. The recommended designs of motorcycle helmets can provide total protection. They not only protect riders from getting a worse road injured accident but also from flying bugs, such as rain, sleet, mud and other potential projectiles. Second, wearing a helmet can gives the raiders a matter of style. Helmets give the opportunity for rider to express the image they may want to project when riding on they way. This benefit may not be important to some people, but to others, it means a lot and important. By choosing the most appropriate helmet from all of the various styles, such as beanie, shorty, German, and many others, wearing a helmet which can projecting an image is an inherent crucial part of motorcycling and help riders feel more confident when riding on the road. However, what most important is wearing helmet when riding is a matter of using it properly. Bikers should use the helmets which are fixed to their head. It is really not good if they places simply the helmets on the head without settling them properly. The bikers should fasten the helmet correctly to their head in order to get safe and comfort. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 10 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Watch Your Kids While Watching TV Television becomes one of the most important devices which takes place in almost houses. It can unite all members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your kids are watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely Yes and that should be done by all parents. Television can expose things you have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism and so on. Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or at bedtime often caused bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration. Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive. Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight. Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children with the following tips: Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 11 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Public Awareness Lets Make City Clean and Fresh A clean and fresh city will surely make the inhabitants healthy. Every morning especially in dry season, all roads must be watered with clean water and swept by the workers of the regional government under the Majors instruction. To keep the people from heavy pollution caused by cars, trucks and motorcycles, enough trees must be planted along all roads. Every building or house in the city must be surrounded short and small trees which bear colorful flower. Bad and improper habits which cause disadvantages, bad smell and dangerous diseases to people such as smoking and throwing rubbish anywhere should be stopped at once. The major of each city will have to think over the way how to educate people, so that they realize on how important cleanliness and health are for their own sake. Building more public lavatories at every busy place is very badly needed. It will be wise if the Major decides a certain amount of fine to be paid by those who disobey the government regulation on cleanliness matter. A man who urinate not at lavatory, smoke not at smoking room or throw rubbish at the roads should be fined for instance. Besides dirtying the environment with cigarettes butts, smoking will also cause pollution and lungs disease to other people. So bad habits and impolite attitude should be immediately stopped, otherwise the city will be dirty, unhealthy badly polluted and will never attract foreign or domestic tourist Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 12 of a Hortatory Exposition Text More Dust Bins is Cleaner To improve comfort and cleanliness at the school, there should be an increasing number of dust bins. When we look at classroom, school corridors and schoolyard, there papers, mineral water cops, straws, and napkin everywhere. The condition of unseemliness really hinders learning and teaching environment. They can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for mosquito to spread out. Anyway I notice that most of the students have responsibilities for their school environment. They put their litter on the proper place but some of them are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of the dust bins in the school are not enough. More dust bins should be put beside each step, outside of the classrooms and some along of the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily. When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, students do not have problem of discomfort any more. So provide more dust bins and school will be very clean and become a very nice place to study. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 13 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Where should be after High School? The National examination result will be publicly enounced in next short time. Euphoria will flood for those who get success. In the other hand, It will be sorry to hear that there are some of them do not succeed in their national final examination. For those who succeed soon will think to decide; where will they be after graduating high school? Actually it will be easy to decide for those has been arranged and thought earlier but for those have not planed yet, it will be quite confusing. Continuing study or looking for work is the primary choice among them. When they think about continuing study, they will think hard about the time and cost. How long the higher study will last? And how high is about the cost. In the same way, when they think about straightly seeking job, what skill and competence they have got is a big matter of questioning. So, doing both choices in the same time is an alternative. Continuing study as well as seeking job is possibly done but it will be hard for them. Conventionally studying in the university needs much time to spend especially in the first year. It is true because they have to do and adapt a lot of things in their new higher school. it will be very hard to looking for job. Therefore it should come to their mind of continuing studying at higher school from their own home. As result, the available time will be more flexible for them. Then it will be very possible to seek job and get the appropriate one. This type of studying is publicly known as distance learning. As the alternative method of studying, besides the conventional studying which students and the lecturer have to meet in the fixed time and place regularly, distance learning provides possibility to grow better. Possibly working and studying surely will create high quality graduate. Distance learning should appear as a considerable choice for them. (http://bos-sulap.blogspot.com/2010/02/contoh-example-hortatory-text-where.html. Retrieved: 30 may 2012) Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 14 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Millions from Property Market Dear friend, Are you tired of the daily grind? Sick of working all hours of the day for litle reward? Tired of having enough money to really enjoy yourself? Well, now there is a way out. We can show the way to give up work. Sit back and make millions for yourself and your loved ones on property market. Albert Smith felt just like you untill he read our leaflet. Now he drives a sport car arround the South of France and his wife has one of her own too. Generic Structure Analyse Thesis: there is a way out of financial problem. Argument: Albert Smith is the proof. Recommendation: Join property market ! Language Feature Analysis Using abstract noun: reward Using action verb: give up, make, etc Using thinking verb;:felt Using simple present tense: are you tired?, he drives a sport car, etc Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text? Example 15 of a Hortatory Exposition Text Removing Lead from Petrol In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol (and the atmosphere) there doesnt seem to have been any mention of the difference between driving in the city and the country. While I realize my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see the another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads. Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners dont seem to appreciate that, in the country, there is no public transport to fall back upon and ones own vehicle is the only way to get about. I feel that the country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city. Comprehension Questions: What is the main idea of the text? Where is the information about the main idea located? What supporting details can be found in the text? What is the function of the text? How do you know? What are the generic structures of the text? Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence? What are the language features of text?